Science Fair Vocabulary

abstract  A short written summary of the main points of a project, including the purpose, procedures, results and conclusions.

bar graph  A type of graph in which comparisons are made through lines of differing lengths.

bias   Prejudice; not keeping feelings or views separated from objective observation or actions.

conclusion  Interpretation based on outcome of results. An answer to the question studied in the research.

control group  A test group that shows "normal" conditions. This group typically has nothing done to it; so the results from analyzing the group show the standard case.

controls  Factors that are not to be changed in an experiment. Variables that are to be controlled.

data  Information gathered from your observations or measurements.

database  The complete set of data and information from experiments or research.

dependent variable  The factor that changes as a result of altering the conditions of an experiment. An independent variable operates by itself. A dependent variable is affected by changing some independent variable.

experiment  A planned investigation.

experimental group  A group of subjects to which variables are applied.

hypothesis  Statement of an idea that can be tested experimentally. States what the experimenter believes will happen as a result of the experiment.

incandescent lighting   Light produced by heat.

independent variable  The item, quantity, or condition that is altered to observe what will happen; something that can be changed in an experiment without causing a change in other variables.

line graph  Type of graph in which data or relationship are connected or highlighted with lines.

observation  What one sees in the course of an experiment.

predict  To determine the outcome of something before it happens.

probability  The chance of something happening.

procedures  Steps that must be followed to perform an experiment.

qualitative analysis  Analysis made subjectively, without measurement.

quantitative analysis  Analysis made objectively, with measurement.

raw data  Experimental information that has not been processed, adjusted or synthesized in such a way as to focus on the relationships important for the conclusion.

scientific method  Procedure to determine scientific truth. Typically involves the statement of an hypothesis, a set of experiments to prove or disprove the hypothesis and the formulation of conclusions from the experiments.

statistics  A collection of facts and information and typically processed or placed into different classifications.

variable  A condition that is changed to test the hypothesis, or a condition that changes as a result of testing the hypothesis.